85 out of 5. Key Words geosynthetics, geotextiles, woven, nonwovens, filtration, separation, stabilization, reinforcement. Tangerang ACT-JAKARTA. Commercial and warehousing. Quick View. Tensile strength is the biggest difference between the two. This standard describes the method for determination of the water absorption capacity of geotextiles. Planar geosynthetics involve geotextiles and geogrids, and geocells are the non-planar structure that is used for reinforcement. FREE delivery Tue,. Model # 38250. 1mm. 0 out of 5 stars 1. A nonwoven specification will list the elongation as being greater than 50%, while a woven will be listed as between 5% and 25%, if listed at all. Geotextile matting protects bare soil from erosion caused by wind and stormwater. £39. The easiest way to distinguish the difference between the two materials is by starting with elongation. 9m x 25m (150 gsm average) Nonwoven $36. Coir Geotextile. Nonwoven Geotextile. Generally, non-woven geotextiles have much higher elongation than their woven counterparts. Although non-woven geotextile has a lower tensile strength than the woven type, it still offers great strength, durability and excellent drainage properties. Non-woven geotextile is a felt-like fabric made by thermally bonding polypropylene or a mixture of polypropylene and polyester fibres and then finishing using needle. read more . Mirafi® N-Series nonwoven polypropylene geotextiles are used for soil separation, drainage in Transportation, Building Site, and Water Infrastructure projects such as subsurface drainage, permanent erosion control and roadway separation applications. This method has been applied as an in-situ pilot experiment deployed at Lake Caron, a shallow eutrophic lake in Quebec, for two summers. designed product adapted to all the requirements of different projects • Geocomposite combining a HDPE geomembrane with a puncture-resistant geotextile • Roll width : 3. Our market-leading woven geotextiles give outstanding performance. 250. Get Quote. Table 210. • Heavy-duty woven suppressant prevents unwelcome weeds appearing • Perfect for use under patio slabs, paving, decking and decorative stones • Puncture-resistant design keeps weeds suppressed • Allows water and nutrients to penetrate soil and keep it healthy • Dimensions of 2m x 50m • Supplied folded – 2m wide when unfoldedOval Q Hot Air Welder - Geomembrane Lining Tack Welds - 110v. When soil is exposed, it's at risk of erosion from rainwater, runoff and wind. Harga Jual Kain Geotextile Non Woven 150 Gram uk. US$ 0. SKU: BCH06150. It is designed for filtration and separation applications, such as: equestrian; horse arenas, paddocks etc road construction french drains, trench lining weed prevention soakaway and attenuation tank wrapping driveways FREE DELIVERY: The prices you see in the. Terram 1000 Robust and durable, Terram T1000 geotextile helps prevent the intermixing of solid particles between the layers of soil, yet still permits water to permeate. Woven. #LP415360. Grab Tensile. FasTrack 609 woven geotextile, 1500N, 75g/m² - 4. I don't envisage having to make many, if any cuts, so the fabric so might have a look at the woven stuff from toolstation- 14mx1m for £10. Geotextiles are permeable synthetic cloths with the ability to separate, filter, seal, reinforce and protect the soil. developed polyester spun-bonded nonwoven for railroad application. Black. Geotextiles allow water to flow relatively freely. Geotextile membrane suppliers are those who produce and wholesale geotextile products such as filament non woven geotextile, short fiber needled punched geotextile, PP Woven geotextile fabric and pet woven geotextile, etc. An array of geosynthetics such as biaxial geogrids, non-woven geotextiles and woven. 5 26. 5m x 100m GTSG. Oval Q Hot Air Welder - Geomembrane Lining Tack Welds - 230v. Sale! Terram T1000 Non Woven Geotextile Membrane – Custom Size. Woven and nonwoven geotextiles. Unlike traditional roofing felt underlay, a breathable membrane will allow any moisture trapped in the wall cavity to escape, reducing the risk of damp in your home, workplace or outbuilding. Produk terbaru dari kami, Geotextile non woven LS yang kami tawarkan adalah produk lokal yang terbuat dari 100% serat polyester (PET) berkualitas yang diproses secara Continuous dimana serat tidak terputus dalam proses pembuatannya sehingga menghasilkan geotextile dengan kualitas terbaik dan jauh lebih kuat dari non woven PET pada umumnya. This non-woven geotextile fabric for driveways and roads provides the best performance in ground stabilisation, filtration and drainage. Tensile Strength: 8kN per m. Weed control membrane, also known as geotextile fabric, creates a physical barrier to prevent the regrowth of weeds in parts of your garden where you have invested time, energy and money into landscaping. 65/Sq ft. 2. These geotextile fabrics designed with 100% polypropylene raw materials are engineered to resist ultraviolet deterioration, rotting, biological degradation, and. A selection of non-woven and woven geotextile samples Geotextile sandbags can be 20 m long, such as those used for the artificial reef at Narrow Neck, Queensland. sg. Get Quote. Typical uses include the prevention of intermixing of sub-base and subgrade layers, drainage and bedding materials. m От 28 руб/м²; Geotextile 400 g/sq. They can eliminate many of the problems associated with using, purchasing and transporting aggregate. Geotextiles are permeable fabrics, made from either polypropylene or polyester. These textiles are commonly used in a variety of applications, such as reinforcement, filtration, and drainage. MultiTrack is a thermally bonded or needlepunched nonwoven geotextile that offers many benefits where separation, filtration and drainage functions are required. Tangerang geosynthetic. The first decision is whether to get a woven or non-woven weed membrane. These fabrics are typically impermeable, and water drainage through the. Not yet reviewed. Non Woven Geotextile fabrics are either used. 5. Produced from high quality polypropylene fibres, the Nonwoven Geotextiles are needle punched to form a strong fabric that retains its dimensional stability and is resistant to damage from construction stresses. 0 HDPE membrane + 200 g cloth) in. A woven permeable geotextile liner is made by weaving individual threads together in order to create a large, uniform piece of material. 5m x 11. from $109. sa: Patio, Lawn & GardenBuy geotextile membrane products and get the best deals at the lowest prices on eBay! Great Savings & Free Delivery / Collection on many items. D Projects. UV Resistance. 5m. FORSTHOFF Vento Q Brushless Hot Air Tool. The durability and mechanical properties of Non-Woven Geotextiles make them ideal as separating layers. Contact Supplier. Once cut you need to be cautious with the membrane to reduce fraying and trust us the strands do get everywhere!Paths– Pathways will need an extra stabilisation layer so that they remain in good condition over time. Permeability: 100 l/m2/s. INTRODUCTION Geosynthetics are used in marine projects, roads, transportation, river embankment, etc. 50+ bought in past month. £290. 3. The following chart shows two examples. 1. Latest Blog Posts. Geotextiles are widely used to protect geomembranes from installation and in-service damage in applications where eliminating puncturing and the control of membrane strain. Heavy Duty Non-Woven Geotextile Membrane (100gsm) branded as Earthworx NW1000. Needle-punched non-woven. We are the company, with capabilities to produce Staple Fibers and Needle-Punched Geotextiles. Contact Now. Geotextile is usually made from a synthetic polymer such as polypropylene (PP), polyester (PET) etc. Length: 100 To 500 Mtr. Non-Woven Geotextiles. 40 each. Knitted. Nonwovens are used for drainage applications, pavement interlayers and separation/stabilization beneath paved and unpaved roads. For the same length of geotextile roll, the roll diameter of a woven geotextile is smaller and more compact than that of a non-woven geotextile. During the concrete lining placement, the geotextile often experiences pressures from young concrete on the curved and rough shotcrete surfaces. 48. The tensile strength, high stiffness and permeability of Terram 1000 geotextiles make them ideal for material. These are also used in geocomposite drains as a filter material . 69 £297. 16 140. Jute fabric when used as separator prevents the penetration of subgrade material into voids of granular base course. In order to keep pace with never ending demands of the customers, our company is instrumental in offering Nonwoven Needle Punched Geotextile. Click & Collect. 05 /sec. ANNEXURE-II Sr. £. Rated 4. Get Best Quote. Protect your geomembrane materials from damage while staying compliant with your industry regulations. 02 υ′, where k is the geotextile coefficient of permeability (cm/s) and υ′ is the geotextile density of fibres, given in number of fibres/mm 2 of geotextile cross-sectional area. A woven geotextile has a very uniform pore size which varies under load making them less suitable for filtering anything other than clean single sized soils/fills. Permittivity. and Knitted Geotextiles. Get Quote. Impermeable geotextile membranes do not allow water to pass through the membrane, meaning that they are useful in preventing water from travelling. €143. Contact Supplier. £247. 25mtr x 100mtr. Why you need Geotextiles Prevent soil loss behind or below a gabion structure. We stock a complete range of geo-synthetic materials for separation, filtration, drainage, erosion control, ground reinforcement and more. Be the first to review this product . This material is strong, durable, and puncture-resistant. 500. Non-woven needle-punched geotextile Geotextiles warehouses are located all around the perimeter of Russia - it is profitable to import into the countries of Europe and Asia. Markets. Select options. £139. e. Nonwoven geotextiles are flat textile structures consisting of synthetic fibres casually assembled by needle punching and/or thermal processes; these materials are used in many different applications to mostly fulfil separation, filtration and protection functions and are the baseline of many other composite for. Non Woven Geotextile fabrics have their project, structure, or system based on various geo technical materials such as soils, rock, earth etc. Non-woven are referred to by weight and appear and feel like felt in texture. 1. The second geotextile membrane is the most used non-woven membrane, NW8, a 100gsm membrane made in a thermal bond. Geotextile / Geotextile Non Woven Surabaya Merk Urban Plastic (4 x100) Rp5. m От 47. Solutions for horse manege and gallop areas using a combination of granular materials, silica sands and our woven and non woven geosynthetics. Generally, wovens have higher strength values, while nonwovens have higher flow rates and permittivity. The finished product is cloth shape, generally 4-6 meters in width and 50-100 meters in length. When used in several different applications, mainly associated with soil, geotextiles have the ability to separate, filter, reinforce, protect, or drain. 5 x 100m (450sqm) Terram Advantage Equivalent - 80gsm. Nonwoven geotextile fabrics can be used as a cushion fabric to protect liners in a variety of applications. TERRAM Robust Geotextiles are ideal for protecting the impermeable membranes of landfill cells including basal areas, side walls and caps, tailing lagoons, reservoirs, balancing ponds, reed beds and artificial lakes. 02. Get Quote. GEOTEX is a line of woven and nonwoven geotextile fabrics that are used for filtration, separation, soil and slope reinforcement, and soil stabilization applications. Heavy Duty Non-Woven Geotextile Membrane (100gsm) branded as Earthworx NW1000. Geotextile has many functions such. Woven Geotextiles. This prevents sinking and rutting caused by. DIRD Felt Ltd. 38 out of 5 (8). 4(a), which has a wide range of opening sizes, a woven geotextile tends to have narrow range of relatively larger openings, see. 44 €90. Find here Geotextile Fabrics, Geotextile Fabric for Waterproofing, Nonwoven Geotextile, suppliers, manufacturers, wholesalers, traders with Geotextile Fabrics prices for buying. Geotextile. 5m Wide Any Size. Lotrak 100 Non-Woven Geotextile Membrane 4. For this purpose, monotonic pullout tests with soil suction monitoring were performed on small-sized. For the purpose of discussion, the woven geotextiles are referred to as GW1, GW2, and GW3, and the non-woven geotextile is referred to as NW. Geotextile Fabric 1m x 25m (150 gsm average) Nonwoven. Add to trolley. Mutual Industries 3 ft. 5. The modern membrane goes further than filtering fine sediment, as it can restrict pollutants in fluids from. £86. How to install: To use non-woven fabrics in a soakaway system, wrap every side of your crate in the geotextile fabric and fix it in place with staples or strong tape. Contact us today to find out more!Contact Supplier Request a quote. Nonwoven Geotextiles. 00. 5m. Ghazavi et al. Nonwoven Geotextiles. There are two major types of geotextile fabrics available – woven and non-woven. Save 10%. Geotextile is a kind of geosynthetic product, it is used in various engineering projects. There are several types of Geotextile Fabrics, which consist of a permeable synthetic material usually made from polymers such as polyester or polypropylene. Nonwoven Geotextile Fabric: Ultimate Helpful Guide . Application: NW1000 is a n extra heavy duty, non-woven geotextile 100gsm with superior durability and mechanical resistance, providing ultimate performance in separation, filtration, drainage and reinforcement. Knitted geotextiles are made using a manufacturing technique that interlaces one or more yarns together in the form of loops. This way, there’s proper drainage while also avoiding clogs. Primary applications: drainage, separation. Thickness: 0. Our Hi-Vis Geotextile is a Non-Woven Membrane used for separating contaminated and uncontaminated soils. to strengthen and improve their efficiency. Separator. Woven: If you have opted for a woven membrane your best bet for cutting it is to lay it down in place and then clean up the edges by cutting it as smoothly as you can using a sharp Stanley knife. 3. 21 inc VAT Each. The major. 5m x 100m roll (mini packs also available) Our market-leading FasTrack woven geotextiles give outstanding performance. Impermeable geotextile membranes. Nonwoven geotextiles are the best solution when you need permeability and soil separation. Non-woven membranes allow water flow through tiny needle punched holes in the fabric and are better for drainage systems. In contrast to a non-woven geotextile, see Fig. 5m (perfect for paths, land drainage) 2. Hanes Geo Components. Add to basket. Visqueen Urban Drainage Geomembrane Double Sided Tape 50mm x 10m. 12. SKU: BCH06150. Drivetex is a professional driveway. 1. 1oz. They are not that porous but feature excellent load capacities which means they are good for use in erosion control and reinforcement applications. Three specimens measuring 200mm x 200mm are prepared and weight the nearest 0. Apollo Driveway Landscape Fabric 50m x 2m (338JG) (10) compare. Woven geotextiles are the strongest and most durable of the three variants. 1 x 10 (11 m2) Large 100gsm Non-Woven Fleece Fabric - Soakaway French Drain, Trench Lining or Pathway Garden Membrane. 264. The geotextiles will be grouped into woven and nonwoven types. I don't envisage having to make many, if any cuts, so the fabric so might have a look at the woven stuff from toolstation- 14mx1m for £10. Technique: Co Extrusion Twin Layer PVC Membrane. Availability: In stock. This robust crate creates a structural void in the ground to allow water to flow in from surrounding subsoil and helps to alleviate flooding. 0 3rb+ terjual. , 1998. Non Woven Filter Fabrics are an economical alternative to graded aggregate and sand filters. com. แผ่นใยสังเคราะห์ (Geotextile) สามารถผลิตได้โดยใช้เส้นใยจากวัสดุพอลิเมอร์มาผ่านกระบวนการผลิตแบบถักทอ หรือไม่ถักทอ โดยปัจจุบัน. Type: PVC Geo Membrane. Woven geotextiles, particularly the woven 250, are one of our highest strength and most long-lasting erosion control options. Additional Information: Production Capacity: 10 TONS. Geotextiles are a permeable synthetic material made of textile materials. Geotextiles are divided into woven geotextile and non-woven filament geotextile. Ltd. The non-woven geotextile membrane that was placed below the reservoir course improved the Pb2+ removal rate by 20% over the removal efficiency of the system while using a woven geotextile placed just below the surface but before the choker course. Geotextiles Fabric. needle-punched non-woven geotextile STABILINER GTX. We sell widths in increments of 1. 25m Width Geotextile Cuts. View options. These membranes are highly effective in preventing weed growth, as well as in applications like riding arenas, roads, and more. AirTech-UK Heavy Duty Weed Control Membrane Garden Weed Barrier Fabric for Landscaping 2M Wide x 40M length. When a stone is placed directly on a soft subgrade, the imposed load often causes intermixing of two. Select options. 67 out of 5. Amazon. Woven slit-films are made from cutting. Non woven Geo fabrics are polymer fabrics and you use these fabrics to construct roads, breakwaters. Damp proofing membranes protect different parts of a structure from damage arising from damp, including mould and mildew, and the risk of rotten timber. Best Overall Geotextile Weed Fabric – Spudulica 20m2 GeoTextile Membrane Fleece. Non-woven geotextile membrane is a lower load product and is used for example patios and areas of foot. 78. 1. A woven or non-woven geotextile is prefect for this depend on your drainage in the sub soil. Barrettine Mould & Mildew Cleaner 4L. This prevents sinking and rutting caused by. , woven, non-woven, and open-weaved (knitted). Next Geotextile Fabric 1. Free postage. Harga Geotextile Non Woven 250gr Ukuran per 4 Meter x 1 Meter. 8. The Super Geotextile 8 oz Fabric is an excellent all-around choice, consisting of durable, non-woven needle-punched construction that does great at resisting UV rays and mildew. ₹ 30/ Square Meter. 1. Drivetex is a professional driveway fabric, to be used beneath MOT Type 1 or 3 aggregate or hardcore in sub-base layers. BIDIM NON WOVEN GEOTEXTILES - A12 - A64 TYPICAL VALUES Technical Data TEST STANDARD UNITS A12 A14 A24 A34 A44 A64 Mechanical Properties Wide Strip Tensile Strength (MD/XMD) AS3706. I I STRATA Geosysterns (India) PvtLtd. Permeable geotextile membranes can be woven or non-woven. Geotex fabrics meet AASHTO/NTPEP standards and are often used in the construction, and landscaping industries for projects such as road paving. 6m or 5. 1 Geo Grid Geo Cell I:2 Woven Non-Woven Geo Grid PVD Techfab India II steel Gabion Geotextile Tubes and Bags II j Geocomposite. 4x1m - Harga Murah (Eceran) Rp41. Also known as landscape fabric, weed membrane or garden membrane, geotextile membrane is a protective fabric that has three main functions: separation, filtration and reinforcement. Jual Geotextile Non Woven Continuous Filament. Our stock range includes: – White non-woven: 4. 17. A layer of non-woven geotextile is impregnated in between existing and new asphalt layers. 6. Tangerang Solusi Material Store. All solutions. In general, geotextile membranes enhance soil properties prior to the construction of roads, highways, parking lots, and other constructions. Engineered with optimal elongation to avoid puncture and tearing during installation. m От 20 руб/м²; Geotextile 300 g/sq. The manufacturing process of these fabrics involves needle punching as opposed to weaving. geotextiles made from yarns of a flat, tape-like character) will not be allowed. Puncture resistance. They reduce maintenance costs and improve the performance of paved and unpaved surfaces. Our collection of non-woven geotextiles offers a versatile and reliable solution for a wide range of civil and environmental projects. A non-woven geotextile specification will include elongation as superior to 50%, while woven geotextiles list elongation as low as 5% and 25%. m От 35 руб/м²; Geotextile 500 g/sq. Wall Tag offers geotextile fabric and geogrid options that are known for their excellent filtration mechanism. They are usually made from polymers such as polyester or polypropylene. This makes them very strong – ideal for soil separation, particularly where. Terram filters/separators are usedSupply of high-tensile steel wire safety nets and meshes in Malaysia for slope protection . Woven geotextiles have the most compact structure of the three families of geotextiles. This TERRAM 1000 geotextile is non-woven, measuring 4. A woven geotextile has a very uniform pore size which varies under load making them less suitable for filtering anything other than clean single sized soils/fills. 02 £ 86. £9. Over a building perimeter drain or "French Drain", builders use 3-4. 99. The finished product is cloth-like, with a width of 4-6 meters and a length of 50-100 meters. Non-woven geotextile is a felt-like fabric made by thermally bonding polypropylene or a mixture of polypropylene and polyester fibres and then finishing using needle. 1m GTSG The Woven Geotextile Fastrack 609 from Wrekin helps in separating and filtering for the general building and domestic markets. "Polyfelt® TS & KET Nonwoven Geotextiles,TenCate Mirafi® HPa Subgrade Stabilization Geotextiles,TenCate Polyfelt® PGM and PGMG Paving Reinforcement,TenCate Polyfelt. As opposed to woven textiles in which the yarns are perpendicular to one another, knitted. Wall Tag offers geotextile fabric and geogrid options that are known for their excellent filtration mechanism. Our standard geotextiles are extensively used in stabilisation and drainage applications to provide separation and filtration functions, their use ensures an improved performance and design life of granular layers; Woven and Nonwoven Geotechnics. Showing items 1-7 of 7. Permeable Geotextile Membrane. Woven Geotextile Fig 2. Posted by: Jonathon McAllister. Water penetrates through the non-woven membrane and collects in the crate before slowly infiltrating back into the ground. In this situation, these geotextiles prevent large particles from passing through while allowing water to pass through. The main reasons behind the growth of the geosynthetics industry in recent decades are •Non-woven geotextiles are manufactured through a process of mechanical interlocking or chemical or thermal bonding of fibres/filaments. Suitable for reinforcing layers under stone foundations for new buildings, it provides a cost effective solution to your reinforcement needs. 1. Model # 38117. See full list on toolstation. LP4 Filter Fabric 4. Delivery. Drivetex is a heavy duty driveway membrane. Also find product list from verified suppliers with contact number | ID: 19701752288. Trained staff. We offer a diverse selection of non-woven and woven Geotextile Membranes designed for various applications such as separation, filtration, and stabilization. Landscape Fabric reduces the amount of gravel required. 5/Square Meter. These synthetic fibers are made into flexible, porous fabrics by standard weaving machinery or are knitted in a random nonwoven manner. Thickness: 1. Woven geotextiles are a type of textile that is woven from various synthetic materials, such as polypropylene or polyester. Non-Woven Geotextiles. Non-Woven Geotextile. Nonwoven geotextiles are flat textile structures consisting of synthetic fibres casually assembled by needle punching and/or thermal processes; these materials are used in many different applications to mostly fulfil separation, filtration and protection functions and are the baseline of many other composite for. The 7605, 7609 and 7612 geotextiles meet the MTQ requirements and are certified by the BNQ according to the BNQ 7009-210 standard for the following respective grades: F1, S1-F2 and S2-P1. Additionally, you might need 110mm sewer or land drainage pipe to fix into. As low as €73. EARTHWORX NW1000 is a quality geotextile. Heat-bonded non-woven. Geotextiles belong to the group of geosynthetics, which are permeable and flexible material sheets and mainly consist of thermoplastic polymers, such as polypropylene (PP) or polyester. Landscaping . of strain. Non-Woven Geotextiles This type of geotextile is made by needle-punching or heat-bonding synthetic fibres together to create a single sheet. A nonwoven specification will list the elongation as greater than 50%, while a. This is accomplished by the use of chemicals or heat, as well as other techniques such as needle punching. Wrekin Woven Geotextile Minipack Fastrack - 609 4. Wallbarn High Tenacity Polypropylene Geotextile - 1000mm x 100m More Options. Non Woven Geotextile Membrane - Buy Geotextile Fabrics at best price of Rs 15/square meter by Siddhi Rubber Udyog. £. Usually, when one looks for the differences between woven and non-woven. VAT. Black Woven Geotextile Membrane For Driveways – Custom Sizes. 1b. Different geotextile materials are specified for various characteristics, such as separation, filtration, drainage,. This non-woven geotextile fabric for driveways and roads provides the best performance in ground stabilisation, filtration and drainage. Waterproof Tape for Geotextile Membrane 50m X 50mm. 1. Northlink Supply offers the highest quality geotextiles to our clients. 394. Drainage provides high-water flow while also providing excellent soil retention. The 76 Series is comprised of performant, durable and adapted products for different civil engineering projects. Woven multifilament 240 0. Woven polypropylene designed for use in demanding, domestic and commercial applications. Non-woven geotextile s were the most fre quently used geotextiles in 2013, at an e xpected consumption of 1,561 million square meters. ™ HS Woven ™ Coterotex mastaTEX™ CoteroTEX geotextiles are a specialist heavy weight geotextile designed specifically for use in landfills as a liner cushion and in coastal applications for erosion control and rock armour protection. 5 oz non-woven geotextile. Geotextiles. Solutions for horse manege and gallop areas using a combination of granular materials, silica sands and our woven and non woven geosynthetics. Non-woven. It is engineered to have specific properties, such as high tensile strength, permeability, and filtration, that make it suitable for use in a variety of applications. The geotextiles can be made of woven fabrics, non-woven fabrics, or knitted fabrics. Sealing . It is often used for soil separation, drainage, weed control and other civil engineering projects. Supply and distribute in Malaysia and other countries. 031. The reinforcement ratio value for a penetration of 20mm was observed as 2. Non-Woven Geotextile Membrane. membrane is concerned, it was verified that rupture occurred regardless of the rupture of the protective layer. This fabric is made of non-woven polypropylene material that's lightweight and strong. Geotextile 100 g/sq. At Rouden Pipetek we have total underground solutions, including Geotextile membranes. b. Sometimes this is not even listed. These fabrics are often used in civil construction projects to improve soil stability and reduce erosion. 2 Normally the thickness of geotextiles should beBased on the manufacturing procedures, geotextiles can be classified as —. Non-woven Geotextile have superior capacity for filtration and load distribution, reducing rutting and extending the life of paved and unpaved roadways.